Disasters, both natural and man-made, not only have a direct impact on physical destruction and loss of life, but also have a serious impact on the mental health of communities. In this article, we will discuss what psychological effects disasters have on individuals and communities.

   1. Trauma

  The most obvious effect of a disaster on mental health is trauma. Disasters can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can include symptoms such as recurrent and intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance of situations reminiscent of the disaster, excessive tension and a constant sense of danger.

   2. Mood and anxiety disorders

  Disasters can also lead to mood and anxiety disorders. Depression, anxiety disorders and even addiction problems are common in disaster survivors. The loss of loved ones, the loss  of a home or job, and a constant sense of uncertainty can lead to these mental health problems.

   3. Impact on children and adolescents

  Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the psychological effects of disasters. They may experience fear, anxiety, depression, and problems with sleep and concentration. Disasters can also disrupt their normal development and education.

   4. Impact on communities

  Disasters also affect mental health at the community level. They can cause a sense of loss, community separation, tension and social conflict. This can be seen, for example, in disasters that lead to mass migration and displacement.

   5. Need for psychological support

  Among disaster victims, there is a great need for psychological support, both for individual victims and entire communities. Such support can include individual and group therapy, support for children and adolescents, as well as social and community support.

  In summary, disasters have a profound impact on the mental health of those affected. At both the individual and community level, these effects can be long-lasting and require appropriate psychological support and intervention. This underscores the need to include mental health in disaster response and recovery plans.